Clicker training, also known as ‘marker training,’ is a simple and effective way to train your puppy or older dog. A clicker produces a consistent and distinct sound that acts as a marker for the exact moment your pet performs a desired action. The click is quickly followed by a reward to help form a positive association between the sound and the action.
Clicker training is frequently recommended by veterinarians and dog trainers because it is based on the positive reinforcement technique, a method of training that has proven very effective for many pets.
Positive reinforcement means that you praise (or treat) a good behavior and ignore a wrong or bad behavior.
Since dogs repeat behaviors that get them what they want, giving them something that they desire after performing a positive behavior encourages them to do perform that action again.
When a puppy or older dog is engaging in unwanted behaviors, natural reflex would be to respond with “no!” or “bad dog!” Unfortunately, this tactic can backfire, encouraging a pet to increase these bad behaviors since, despite the stern tone of voice, they are still getting the attention they desire (i.e., a reward for their behavior).
Training puppies or adult dogs using positive reinforcement techniques does not include the use of negative punishment for wrong behaviors, instead these are simply ignored.
A common question asked in our clinics: “Is clicker training bad?” – to this, we say it is neither ‘good’ or ‘bad’. While positive reinforcement techniques are typically recommended, the choice is very much dependent on your dog’s unique personality and what works for them.
Provides a positive training environment. The rewarding atmosphere of training sessions can help to strengthen the trust and bond between you and your dog.
Creates a consistent, identifiable sound. The clear cue can be heard through distractions in many different environments.
Multiple household members can train. Since the marker does not rely on the sound of a human voice, inflection or tone interference are not an issue.
Can speed up training time. The sound of a clicker is an easier cue for dogs to understand. They can more easily identify the action that brought them the reward - if used correctly!
Clickers are simple and easy to use. This form of training does not require expensive or specialized equipment (clickers can be found at most pet supply stores or online). It only involves 3 simple steps to execute.
Must be used consistently. Every person involved in the training process must use it in the same way to avoid confusing your dog.
Some dogs can be averse to the noise. In these cases, a different sound can be used as the marker instead (e.g., finger snap, bell, or even a select chime from your phone).
Can cause conditioning. Graduating from clicker to voice commands can be a difficult process with some dogs; weaning must be performed slowly.
Can be tricky with non-food-motivated dogs. If food drive is low, reward should be replaced with praise or a fun game instead. This can be less effective since these actions are performed outside of training sessions too.
Cannot be used to stop negative behaviors. Clickers are a form of positive reinforcement, not a holistic behavioral cue. For dogs with extreme or potentially dangerous behavioral issues, contact a trainer and talk to your veterinarian who can help you implement alternative training interventions.
Clicker training involves three simple steps repeated regularly. Timing is key with these steps; each must be performed in order with minimal delay to help form the association.
Command to Trick or Action
Click the Moment Action is Performed
Treat Immediately (or Praise for non-food motivated dogs)
Example: Training your puppy to sit.
You tell your puppy to sit (this may need to be repeated multiple times before action occurs! Try including a hand signal in addition to the word).
The moment your puppy sits (or even begins to sit), click your device.
Quickly follow the click with a reward.
The Outcome:
Your dog will associate the click with the reward and know the exact action that needs to be performed to engage the click and reward feedback.
Once your dog gets the hang of it, you can stop offering a treat every time and the positive association they have built should encourage them to still follow commands with the sound of the click!
Before diving into the training process, start by simply demonstrating the connection between the clicker and reward. Click then give a treat around 10-15 times, building an expectation for your dog that if they hear the click, a treat will soon follow.
More short training sessions each day is typically more effective than one longer session. Most puppies can only hold attention for 5-10 minutes maximum.
Even outside of training sessions, keep the clicker and treats on hand. Using a click and reward when your dog is behaving well or performs a desired action unprompted during the day (e.g., goes into their crate) helps maintain consistency.
Start with simple commands and have these mastered before you move to bigger tricks. Trying to teach too many different skills at once may overwhelm and confuse your dog so focus only on 1-2 at a time.
Since the clicker is a uniform sound, when training your dog on more than one skill it can be helpful to
Remember - timing is key!
If you find clicker training is not working for you and your puppy, do not get discouraged! Ask your vet about different training techniques to try or whether there are any local dog trainers they recommend.
Book an appointment with your local vet today!
